Example: Boundary Convexity Tool (BCT)
The BCT calculates the Raw Convexity value, Convexity Index, and Sinuosity at all user defined window-sizes simultaneously. The tool calculates one feature at a time and goes through the following process on each feature:
Adds m-values to the feature by using euclidean distance between x and y coordinates along the line. If you simply want to add measure values to your feature you can use the
addMValuesfunction.Check if the feature is a polygon so we know to start calculating at the first vertex, or move to the first vertex that is equal to \(window / 2\) from the beginning and the same distance from the ending vertex of the line.
While checking against the max m-value get three m-based points. Using these three points we create an arc and use that to calculate the convexity and sinuosity. For example we get the center point with the following equation: \(M + window/ 2\) where M is the current measure value and window is the selected window size. The first point is just the measure value and the last point is \(M + window\).
Format and store the data in a matirx.
Increment step-size by user-defined value and repeat steps 3-5 until max-m value is reached.
Return a data.frame with all the measurements (raw convexity, convexity index, sinuosity) for each feature and step size.
Below is an example:
library(rLFT)
#> Loading required package: Rcpp
#> Loading required package: sf
#> Linking to GEOS 3.9.1, GDAL 3.2.1, PROJ 7.2.1
library(ggplot2)
# read in example data
data("shpObject")
# to read in your own shp file use the sf package function st_read()
# choose any positive window size and step size. Here I use 50 for step size and 100 for window size.
outputTable <- bct(shpObject, step = 50, window = 100, ridName = "RID")
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> user system elapsed
#> 0.06 0.00 0.06
#> [1] "Features skipped due to size: "
#> [1] 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 14 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
#> [26] 34 35 36 37
outputTable$RID<- as.character(outputTable$RID)
# You can then look over the data using:
head(outputTable)
#> FID RID MidMeas WindowSize RawConvexity ConvexityIndex Sinuosity
#> 1 1 Feat1310 0 100 28.549 0.571 0.635
#> 2 1 Feat1310 50 100 -18.641 -0.373 0.578
#> 3 1 Feat1310 100 100 -19.891 -0.398 0.625
#> 4 1 Feat1310 150 100 24.944 0.499 0.623
#> 5 1 Feat1310 200 100 2.458 0.049 0.501
#> 6 1 Feat1310 250 100 9.879 0.198 0.512
#> Midpoint_X Midpoint_Y
#> 1 354048.5 1226757
#> 2 354045.2 1226806
#> 3 354010.6 1226834
#> 4 353967.2 1226824
#> 5 353935.4 1226862
#> 6 353907.5 1226904We can visualize the results of the function:
# Make the table spatially aware
outSF<- st_as_sf(outputTable, coords = c("Midpoint_X", "Midpoint_Y"), crs = st_crs(shpObject), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
# plot a single island
ggplot(data = outSF[which(outSF$RID == as.character(shpObject$RID[15])), ]) +
geom_sf(data = st_cast(shpObject[15,], "POLYGON"), aes(fill = RID)) +
geom_sf() +
geom_sf_text(aes(label = RawConvexity), nudge_x = 20, nudge_y = 12) +
theme_classic()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
For a complete definition of the method, see: Albeke, S.E. et al. “Measuring boundary convexity at multiple spatial scales using a linear “moving window” analysis: an application to coastal river otter habitat selection.” Landscape Ecology 25 (2010): 1575-1587. linked phrase
Example of ‘addMvalues’ function
You can use this function if you just want M values added to your sf object. Your sf object must be of type LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, or MULTIPOLYGON. The M Values are calculated by using the euclidean distance between the sf objects x and y coordinates (The sf library does not know how to handle M values so it treats them as Z values.)
data("shpObject")
monly <- shpObject
#Display coordinates
print("No M Values")
#> [1] "No M Values"
head(st_coordinates(monly))
#> X Y L1
#> [1,] 354048.5 1226757 1
#> [2,] 354047.0 1226759 1
#> [3,] 354047.0 1226760 1
#> [4,] 354046.9 1226798 1
#> [5,] 354044.8 1226808 1
#> [6,] 354041.0 1226816 1# Assign M values to each vertex
monly <- addMValues(monly)
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
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#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
#> old-style crs object detected; please recreate object with a recent sf::st_crs()
print("M Values Added")
#> [1] "M Values Added"
head(st_coordinates(monly))
#> X Y M L1
#> [1,] 354048.5 1226757 0.000000 1
#> [2,] 354047.0 1226759 2.449931 1
#> [3,] 354047.0 1226760 3.720473 1
#> [4,] 354046.9 1226798 41.838002 1
#> [5,] 354044.8 1226808 51.931361 1
#> [6,] 354041.0 1226816 60.504098 1